Interactive simulation
Slide the pulse width and the horn follows — 1.5 ms is centre.
1.5 ms parks the horn at centre; this mode maps 1–2 ms to ±90°. Slow the servo speed slider and yank the pulse width to watch the horn chase its target.
Shift registerEight bits march across the 74HC595 — but the pins do not move until the latch pulses.
SR latchTwo NOR gates, one bit of memory — pulse S and it remembers.
Stepper motorFull, half and wave drive — watch the coils fire and the rotor follow.
TransformerTurns ratio in action — step the voltage up or down.
Transistor switchDrive an NPN into saturation and watch Q slide down the load line.
Transmission lineA step launched into a mismatched trace, bouncing until it settles — why a short track suddenly matters.
UART frameOne byte on a wire that carries no clock — and the receiver's own timer walking off the bit centres.
Zener regulatorIt holds the voltage — until the load asks for more than it can spare.