Free online calculator
Ohm's law calculator

Formula
Fill in any two values — the third fills in automatically.
What you enter
- Voltage V (V)
- Current I (A)
- Resistance R (Ω)
Free online calculator

Formula
Fill in any two values — the third fills in automatically.
What you enter
Current dividerTwo parallel resistors split an incoming current in inverse proportion to their resistance — the smaller resistor carries the larger share.
LED series resistorNobody wires just one LED. Each string is its own series chain of LEDs behind its own resistor — stringing more LEDs raises the headroom the resistor has…
Series / parallelSeries:
Voltage dividerA load draws current from the divider's midpoint, which pulls Vout down from the unloaded (ideal) value — the classic "why did my sensor reading change…
Operational amplifierNon-inverting: — Inverting:
PCB trace ampacityEmpirical IPC-2221 formula — a design estimate, not a manufacturer guarantee.
Pull-up resistorkeeps the driver inside its sink rating, and keeps the released line above the input threshold.