Interactive simulation
Why a noisy signal needs a Schmitt trigger — watch the chatter meter.
With zero hysteresis every noise wiggle through the reference voltage flips the output and Edges/s explodes. Raise the hysteresis until Edges/s collapses to 1 — one clean edge per half-period. The time axis runs back four seconds from now: 0 is the live edge, and a control change leaves a dashed mark that scrolls away with the trace.
What you can change
Current mirrorOne transistor sets the current, its twin copies it — until the load runs out of headroom.
DC motor start-upSwitch it on with the shaft stopped and nothing but the winding resistance limits the current.
Diode I–V & load lineWhere the diode curve meets the resistor's load line — that's your operating point.
H-bridge motor driverForward, reverse, brake, coast — watch the current thread the bridge.
I2C rise timeThe pull-up has to charge every picofarad on the bus — watch the edge lose the race to the clock.
Inductive kickbackSwitch a coil off without a diode and watch the spike that kills transistors.
LC tank energyEnergy sloshing between coil and capacitor while R taxes it away.
Logic gatesToggle the inputs and watch AND, OR, XOR and friends light up.