Pinagem

Pinagem Regulador de tensão linear (TO-220, ex. 7805)

Pinos

Output voltage	5 V ±4% (7805); 78xx family also 6, 8, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24 V
Input voltage	≈ 7–25 V in use; 35 V absolute max (5–18 V versions)
Dropout	≈ 2 V typ at 1 A
Output current	Up to 1.5 A with adequate heatsinking
Quiescent current	≈ 4–5 mA typ, 8 mA max
Protection	Internal current limit, thermal shutdown, safe-area protection
Recommended capacitors	0.33 µF on input, 0.1 µF on output (datasheet reference circuit)
Thermal note	Dissipation = (Vin − Vout) × I; above ≈ 1 W fit a heatsink
Operating junction temperature	0–125 °C (commercial grade)
Encapsulamento	TO-220 (also D2PAK, DPAK)

Regulador ajustável LM317 (TO-220)Output voltage: 1.25–37 V, set by two resistors; Output formula: Vout = 1.25 V × (1 + R2/R1); R1 typically 240 Ω; Input–output differential: 3–40 V…
Regulador linear AMS1117 (SOT-223)Output voltage: Fixed 1.5, 1.8, 2.5, 2.85, 3.3 or 5.0 V, or adjustable (1.25 V reference); Output current: 1 A; Dropout: ≈ 1.1 V typ, 1.3 V max at 1 A
Módulo carregador Li-ion TP4056Charger IC: TP4056 (linear, constant current / constant voltage); Input voltage: 5 V nominal (4–8 V per the datasheet); Charge voltage: 4.2 V ±1%
Módulo conversor buck LM2596Converter IC: LM2596 (step-down switching regulator); Input voltage: 4.5–40 V; Output voltage: 1.23–37 V adjustable (needs ≈ 1.5 V or more of headroom)
Barramento CAN (diferencial de 2 fios)Sinais: CAN_H, CAN_L + GND comum; Topologia: Barramento linear multiponto, multimestre com arbitragem; Duplex: Half-duplex
Cartão SD (modo SPI)Contatos: 9 (SD), 8 (microSD); Alimentação: 2.7–3.6 V; Nível lógico: 3.3 V, não tolera 5 V
Depuração SWD (2 fios, ARM Cortex-M)Sinais: SWDIO, SWCLK + GND, VTref; Opcional: nRESET, trace SWO; Topologia: Ponto a ponto (uma sonda, um alvo)
JTAG (depuração de 4 fios, subconjunto comum)Padrão: IEEE 1149.1; Sinais: TCK, TMS, TDI, TDO (+ TRST opcional); Topologia: Encadeamento (daisy chain) TDI → TDO, TCK / TMS compartilhados